Biruni - Islamic Astronomer

SOURCE: wikipedia.com He is not just an astronomer, he also wrote books on geography, philosophy etc.. moga manfaat //mod

Biruni's works number 146 in total. These include 35 books on astronomy, 4 on astrolabes, 23 on astrology, 5 on chronology, 2 on time measurement, 9 on geography, 10 on geodesy and mapping theory, 15 on mathematics (8 on arithmetic, 5 on geometry, 2 on trigonometry), 2 on mechanics, 2 on medicine and pharmacology, 1 on meteorology, 2 on mineralogy and gems, 4 on history, 2 on India, 3 on religion and philosophy, 16 literary works, 2 books on magic, and 9 unclassified books. Among these works, only 22 have survived, and only 13 of these works have been published.^[9] His extant works include:

• Critical study of what India says, whether accepted by reason or refused (Arabic تحقيق ما للهند من مقولة معقولة في العقل أم مرذولة) - a compendium of India's religion and philosophy
• The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries (Arabic الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية) - a comparative study of calendars of different cultures and civilizations, interlaced with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information.
• The Mas'udi Canon (Persian قانون مسعودي) - an extensive encyclopedia on astronomy, geography, and engineering, named after Mas'ud, son of Mahmud of Ghazni, to whom he dedicated
• Understanding Astrology (Arabic التفهيم لصناعة التنجيم) - a question and answer style book about mathematics and astronomy, in Arabic and Persian
• Pharmacy - about drugs and medicines
• Gems (Arabic الجماهر في معرفة الجواهر) about geology, minerals, and gems, dedicated to Mawdud son of Mas'ud
• Astrolabe
• A historical summary book
• History of Mahmud of Ghazni and his father
• History of Khawarazm

Anthropology

Biruni has been described as "the first anthropologist".^[6] He wrote detailed comparative studies on the anthropology of peoples, religions and cultures in the Middle East, Mediterranean and South Asia. Biruni's anthropology of religion was only possible for a scholar deeply immersed in the lore of other nations.^[10] Biruni has also been praised by several scholars for his Islamic anthropology.^[11]

Astronomy

In astronomy, Al-Biruni invented and wrote the earliest treatises on the planisphere and the orthographical astrolabe, as well as the armillary sphere, and was able to mathematically determine the direction of the Qibla from any place in the world.^[12][13]

In 1030, Biruni discussed the Indian heliocentric theories of Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Varahamihira in his Indica. Biruni noted that the question of heliocentricity was a philosophical rather than a mathematical problem.^[14]

In 1031, al-Biruni completed his extensive astronomical encyclopaedia Kitab al-Qanun al-Mas'udi (Latinized as Canon Mas’udicus),^[15] in which he recorded his astronomical findings and formulated astronomical tables. The book introduces the mathematical technique of analysing the acceleration of the planets, and first states that the motions of the solar apogee and the precession are not identical. Al-Biruni also discovered that the distance between the Earth and the Sun is larger than Ptolemy's estimate, on the basis that Ptolemy disregarded the annual solar eclipses.^[12][16]

Al-Biruni also described the Earth's gravitation as:^[12]

"The attraction of all things towards the centre of the earth."

Abu Said Sinjari, a contemporary of al-Biruni, suggested the possible heliocentric movement of the Earth around the Sun, which al-Biruni did not reject.^[17] Although al-Biruni was one of the first astronomers to suggest the Earth's rotation about its own axis, it is not clear whether he supported a geocentric or heliocentric model. He remarked that if the Earth rotates on its axis and moves around the Sun, it would remain consistent with his astronomical parameters:^[12][13]

"Rotation of the earth would in no way invalidate astronomical calculations, for all the astronomical data are as explicable in terms of the one theory as of the other. The problem is thus difficult of solution."

Will Durant wrote the following on al-Biruni's contributions to astronomy:

"He wrote treatises on the astrolabe, the planisphere, the armillary sphere; and formulated astronomical tables for Sultan Masud. He took it for granted that the earth is round, noted “the attraction of all things towards the center of the earth,” and remarked that astronomic data can be explained as well by supposing that the earth turns daily on its axis and annually around the sun, as by the reverse hypothesis."^[18]

Cartography

By the age of twenty-two, he had written several short works, including a study of map projections, Cartography, which included a methodology for projecting a hemisphere on a plane.

Chronology

By the age of twenty-seven, he had written a book called Chronology which referred to other works he had completed (now lost) that included one book about the astrolabe, one about the decimal system, four about astrology, and two about history.

Geodesy and Geography

Biruni made a number of contributions to the Earth sciences. In particular, he is regarded as the "father of geodesy" for his important contributions to the field of geodesy,^[6][19] along with his significant contributions to geography.

At the age of seventeen, Biruni calculated the latitude of Kath, Khwarazm, using the maximum altitude of the Sun. Biruni also solved a complex geodesic equation in order to accurately compute the Earth's circumference, which were close to modern values of the Earth's circumference.^[12][20] His estimate of 6,339.9 km for the Earth radius was only 16.8 km less than the modern value of 6,356.7 km.

John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson write in the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive:

"Important contributions to geodesy and geography were also made by al-Biruni. He introduced techniques to measure the earth and distances on it using triangulation. He found the radius of the earth to be 6339.6 km, a value not obtained in the West until the 16th century. His Masudic canon contains a table giving the coordinates of six hundred places, almost all of which he had direct knowledge."^[21]

Geology

Among his writings on geology, Biruni wrote the following on the geology of India:

"But if you see the soil of India with your own eyes and meditate on its nature, if you consider the rounded stones found in earth however deeply you dig, stones that are huge near the mountains and where the rivers have a violent current: stones that are of smaller size at a greater distance from the mountains and where the streams flow more slowly: stones that appear pulverised in the shape of sand where the streams begin to stagnate near their mouths and near the sea - if you consider all this you can scarcely help thinking that India was once a sea, which by degrees has been filled up by the alluvium of the streams."^[22]

History

Until the 10th century, history most often meant political and military history, but this was not so with Persian historian Biruni (973-1048). In his Kitab fi Tahqiq ma l'il-Hind (Researches on India), he did not record political and military history in any detail, but wrote more on India's cultural, scientific, social and religious history. He also discussed more on his idea of history in another work, The Chronology of the Ancient Nations.^[23]

Mathematics

He made significant contributions to mathematics, especially in the fields of theoretical and practical arithmetic, summation of series, combinatorial analysis, the rule of three, irrational numbers, ratio theory, algebraic definitions, method of solving algebraic equations, geometry, and the development of Archimedes' theorems.

Physics

In physics, al-Biruni measured the specific gravities of eighteen gemstones, and discovered that there is a correlation between the specific gravity of an object and the volume of water it displaces.^[24] During his experiments, he invented the conical measure,^[25] in order to find the ratio between the weight of a substance in air and the weight of water displaced, and to accurately measure the specific weights of the gemstones and their corresponding metals, which are very close to modern measurements. He also introduced the method of checking tests during experiments, measured the weights of various liquids, and recorded the differences in weight between fresh water and salt water, and between hot water and cold water.^[26]

Friday Nasiha 13 July 2007

SOURCE: www.fridaynasiha.com

Jumada al Thani 28, 1428, A.H. - July 13, 2007, C.E.

Living the Quran

Surah al-Maidah (The Table) Chapter 5: Verses 100 (Partial) Good and Evil "The evil and the good are not equal, even though the abundance of the evil things might make you pleased with them." This verse outlines for us a standard of evaluation quite distinct from the standards used by the superficial people of our world today. For such people, for instance, a hundred dollars are worth more than five dollars, since a hundred is more than a five. But, according to this verse, if those hundred dollars have been earned through corrupt means, entailing the disobedience of God (such as by stealing, usurping the wealth of orphans or the weak, selling Haram or forbidden things, or through Riba or interest), the entire amount becomes unclean. On the other hand, if a person earns five dollars while obeying God, then this amount is clean and honourable; and anything which is unclean, whatever its quantity, cannot be worth more than that which is clean. A drop of perfume is more valuable than a heap of filth; a just ruler is more worthy of obedience and allegiance than a thousand evil, corrupt, and tyrannical leaders of the nations; a young boy or girl who spends his or her youth remembering Allah, helping others physically and spiritually, studying hard, calling others for the establishment of good, peace, and justice in the world, and helping others stay away from evil, is far more productive and dignified than hundreds of superficial youth surrounded by and subservient to their own desires, devoid of any higher purpose in life, driven by the latest fad and fashion, and who are consumers of whatever the media wants them to know, see, and buy! Surely they can't be equal! Yusuf Ali (rahimahullah) writes: "People often judge by quantity rather than quality. They are dazzled by numbers: their hearts are captured by what they see everywhere around them. But the people of understanding and depth judge by a different standard. They know that good and bad things are not to be lumped together, and carefully choose the best, which may be scarcest, and avoid the bad, though evil may meet them at every step," such as through ads, media, peer pressure, cultural practices, etc. It is interesting to note the following incidence, related by Imam al-Shafi'ee (rahimahullah), in this connection: When 'Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz (a renowned righteous and just Caliph from Umayyad dynasty) cancelled all the tyrannous taxes and returned the wealth and property that had been misappropriated by the rulers before him, one of his governors wrote to him and complained that by annulling taxes and returning the wealth to their owners, 'Umar had emptied the state treasury. Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz (rahimahullah) wrote back to him this verse. Source: "Tafseer Ishraq Al-Ma'ani" - Syed Iqbal Zaheer, and "Towards Understanding the Quran" - Abul A'la Mawdudi

Understanding the Prophet's Life

The Teacher Masjid al-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque) was not only a place of worship, but also the first Islamic university. In the Masjid, there was an elevated platform known as the Suffah. Sometimes, people who had no place to live stayed on the Suffah, but more often, it was occupied by people who loved the Prophet, peace be upon him, so much that they did not want to part with the Masjid. These people came to be known as the Ashab al-Suffah. The Ashab al-Suffah spent their days and nights praying, reciting Quran and studying Islam. They sat in groups and performed Dhikr (remembering Allah), or they studied Fiqh. Once, the Prophet saw two meetings of Ashab al-Suffah taking place. In one assembly, people were making Dhikr. In the other, they were studying the religion of Islam. The Prophet said, "Allah likes both of these assemblies. Both are blessed." Then he said, "I have been sent as a Teacher" and he joined the assembly where the Sahabah were engaged in learning about the Deen.

Blindspot!

Validating Faith The need to challenge, re-evaluate and consciously adopt a faith applies to all people, Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Even those born into Muslim families must go through the process and accept their faith rationally. They, too, must make a personal choice and consciously adopt Islam, not just inherit it without much thought. This is vitally important because if one's intellect is not honestly and sincerely convinced of it, one's belief in Islam is invalid. To be acceptable to Allah, both heart and mind must witness the truth of the faith. This conscious, deliberate re-evaluation of faith is beneficial for everyone. It frees individuals from the influence of the society. It allows non-Muslims to break the chains that bind them to the wrong beliefs of the society and enables them to discover the truth of Islam. It helps Muslims to keep their faith in Islam pure from whatever may have crept into the faith from non-Islamic influences. In addition, when people make their faith a personal choice, it becomes their own rather than something just passed along to them. This ownership develops the right level of commitment and loyalty for it. To help people in this respect, our Gracious Lord has appropriately pre-programmed our psyche. Human beings cross the line of childhood into adulthood when they come of age. For this stage in people's lives, Allah built into human nature the urge to challenge the accepted beliefs and norms of society. This happens so that people can free themselves from what was indoctrinated into their minds by society and freely choose their own beliefs. It is only after this stage in a person's life that Allah holds human beings accountable for their actions. Source: "Islam: Adopting Its Paradigms" - Ayub A. Hamid, pp. 32, 33

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UMT Job Vacancy

SOURCE: University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

contributor: Ilyani (502)

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Mesyuarat ANSARA Pusat

SOURCE: ANSARA Taiping website

Bersama ni disertakan notis peringatan MAT (Mesyuarat Agung Tahunan) ANSARA 2007 untuk perhatian semua. Pada sesiapa berminat untuk hadir sebagai pemerhati bolehlah book diari masing-masing seperti maklumat berikut:

Tarikh:	14 Julai 2007 (Sabtu )
Masa:	Pukul 3.00 petang
Tempat:	Bilik Wilayah/Kuala Lumpur Aras 5, Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra Kuala Lumpur

Untuk makluman bahawa ACT diwakili oleh penama berikut:

1. Nazlee Ahmad Muzir

2. Zaini Abdul Aziz

3. Hidayat Budiarman

4. Amir Irwan

5. Suraya Ali

6. Jofa Helmi

7. Muhammad

8. Hazamri

9. Wan Badiah

10. Wan Zulatfi

11. Rozaidee

12. Alfina Suzaine

13. Ahmad Nazuan

14. Haslindar Jamaludin

15. Ahmad Badrul Hisham Abdul Rahman

ibn khaldun

Assessment on different civilizations

Ibn Khaldūn's assessment on different civilizations in relationship to their habitation and way of life has drawn the attention of some scholars.

On the Greek contributions to science and philosophy:

• The sciences of only one nation, the Greeks, have come down to us, because they were translated through Al-Ma'mun's efforts. He was successful in this direction because he had many translators at his disposal and spent much money in this connection.

• Eventually, Aristotle appeared among the Greeks. He improved the methods of logic and systematized its problems and details. He assigned to logic its proper place as the first philosophical discipline and the introduction to philosophy. Therefore he is called the First Teacher.^[7]

On the culture of Bedouin nomads, which Ibn Khaldun uses the term Arabs to refer to, Ibn Khaldūn writes:

Arabs dominate only of the plains, because they are, by their savage nature, people of pillage and corruption. They pillage everything that they can take without fighting or taking risks, then flee to their refuge in the wilderness, and do not stand and do battle unless in self-defense. So when they encounter any difficulty or obstacle, they leave it alone and look for easier prey. And tribes well-fortified against them on the slopes of the hills escape their corruption and destruction, because they prefer not to climb hills, nor expend effort, nor take risks.'^[8]

On the Jewish civilization:

(Unlike Muslims), the other religious groups did not have a universal mission, and the holy war was not a religious duty to them, save only for purposes of defence... They are merely required to establish their religion among their own people. This is why the Israelites after Moses and Joshua remained unconcerned with royal authority for about four hundred years. Their only concern was to establish their religion... The Israelites dispossessed the Canaanites of the land that God had given them as their heritage in Jerusalem and the surrounding region, as it had been explained to them through Moses. The nations of the Philistines, the Canaanites, the Armenians, the Edomites, the Ammonites, and the Moabites fought against them. During that time political leadership was entrusted to the elders among them. The Israelites remained in that condition for about four hundred years. They did not have any royal power and were harassed by attacks from foreign nations. Therefore, they asked God through Samuel, one of their prophets, that he permit them to make someone king over them. Thus, Saul became their king. He defeated the foreign nations and killed Goliath, the ruler of Philistines. After Saul, David became king, and then Solomon. His kingdom flourished and extended to the borders of the land of the Hijaz and further to the borders of Yemen and to the borders of the land of the Byzantines. After Solomon, the tribes split into two dynasties. One of the dysnaties was that of the ten tribes in the region of Nablus, the capital of which is Samaria(Sabastiyah), and the other that of the children of Judah and Benjamin in Jerusalem. Their royal authority had had an uninterrupted duration of a thousand years.^[9]

On the Arab conquests of the 7th century:

Religious propaganda gives a dynasty at its beginning another power in addition to that of the group feeling it possessed as the result of the number of its supporters... This happened to the Arabs at the beginning of Islam during the Muslim conquests. The armies of the Muslims at al-Qadisiyah and at the Yarmuk numbered some 30,000 in each case, while the Persian troops at al-Qadisiyah numbered 120,000, and the troops of Heraclius, according to al-Waqidi, 400,000. Neither of the two parties was able to withstand the Arabs, who routed them and seized what they possessed. ^[10]

Ibn Khaldūn expresses a great admiration for the Persians and sedentary culture.

It is a remarkable fact that, with few exceptions, most Muslim scholars both in the religious and intellectual sciences have been non-Arabs . Thus the founders of grammar were Sibawaih and, after him, al-Farisi and az-Zajjaj. All of whom were of Persian descent. They were brought up in the Arabic language and acquired knowledge of it through their upbringing and through contact with Arabs. They invented the rules [of grammar] and made it into a discipline for later generations. Most of the hadith scholars, who preserved traditions of the Prophet for the Muslims also were Persians, or Persian in language and breeding because the discipline was widely cultivated in Iraq and regions beyond. Furthermore, all the great jurists were Persians, as is well-known. The same applies to speculative theologians and to most of the Qu'ran commentators. Only the Persians engaged in the task of preserving knowledge and writing systematic scholarly works. Thus the truth of the statement of the Prophet becomes apparent, If learning were suspended at the highest parts of heaven the Persians would attain it. ... The intellectual sciences were also the preserve of the Persians, left alone by the Arabs, who did not cultivate them. They were cultivated by Arabicized Persians, as was the case with all the crafts, as we stated at the beginning. This situation continued in the cities as long as the Persians and Persian countries, Iraq, Khurasan and Transoxiana, retained their sedentary culture. ^{[11] [12]} (note in the Islamic literature there are two Iraq's. The Iraq-e-Ajam (Persian Iraq) and Iraq-e-Arab (Arab Iraq). The Persian Iraq mentioned by Ibn Khaldun is the historic Iraq-e-Ajam (Persian Iraq) which constitutes the triangle of Isfahan, Shiraz and Hamadan).

Ibn Khaldūn writes on black people:

The only people who accept slavery are the Negroes, owing to their low degree of humanity and proximity to the animal stage. Other persons who accept the status of slave do so as a means of attaining high rank, or power, or wealth, as is the case with the Mameluke Turks in the East and with those Franks and Galicians who enter the service of the state [in Spain].^[13]

Legacy

• British historian Arnold J. Toynbee called the Muqaddimah "undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever yet been created by any mind in any time or place."
• Abderrahmane Lakhsassi writes: "No historian of the Maghreb since and particularly of the Berbers can do without his historical contribution."
• Spain commemorated the 600th anniversary since the death of Ibn Khaldoun

[korang ingat dak?] ::self explanatory::

Wahai putera puteri bangsaku Ayuh segera menuju Mengikut gerak langkah maju Bersatu mencari ilmu Di zaman sains dan teknologi Negara perlukan jasamu Janganlah rasa malas lagi Bersatu memegang teraju Di maktab rendah Sains M.A.R.A Tuntut ilmu. Jangan jemu Ikrar taat setia pada guru Berdisplin selalu Hari ini hari mulanya Hari esok berjaya Lengkapkan segala yg ada Ke kuliah kita segera.........

[korang ingat dak?] pix...

source: maresmart sentral (1996/1997)

MOVIE REVIEW: Next

by Harris - (aku tgh otak tepu) Sipnopsisisisisi: To see the future, thats the ability most of us want to have. But what if you can only see your own future and ONLY for the next 2 minutes. How do you use this ability? But then, the future always keeping changing because you keep looking and change the course of time. Then suddenly, after years of knowing that you can only see 2 minutes into the future, you found out that, your ability is somehow ENHANCED, by a charming and wonderful lady. So again, you will ask yourself, DO YOU BELIEVE IN FATE or just uncertainties of something being change all the time. Then you are hunted down, by both side of the law, due to your ability that somehow will change the course of the future and humankind with it..... WHATS NEXT......... ??? Genre: Action Mcm nie ler, senang aku katakan, korang tgkTHE ISLAND ( Ewan Mcgregor n Scarlett Johansson). This movie is slightly better if not far better. Walaupun kekadang rasa mcm tak masuk akal, well hell, this is the movie. Korang yg suka Nicholas Cage, mmg dia macho dlm cerita nie. Jalan cerita pun, tak de ler boring sgt, ok ler. But not that ' explosive' lah. Aku hanya kasi 2.5 out of 5.

RAYO OGHE KELATE

SIRIH PULANG KE GANGGANG

NOTIS

nak bagi tau tahun depan MRSM Taiping berumur 25 tahun. gempak tuuu....

takde idea ke apa2... for sure Alumni Taiping akan buat something big, rasanya thru program Sirih Pulang Ke Ganggang 2008.

So kalau boleh reserve la cuti one or two days tahun depan untuk program ni sbb 99.999% kemungkinan program ni akan di buat di Taiping.

Insya Allah Aku akan p sama... (time election aku nyorok le..)

::webmaster::

respect la sama korang, ACT New Committee. Ada Suraya Ali (512) and Amy (501)..

sistem demokrasi - undi jgn tak undi.. harap maap, undi sms tidak dikira

ajk ACT - Suraya Ali (512)

note: kalau ada position kosong kat ACT takyah le ente cari sama ana...

RAJA SEHARI Ahmad Abdul Haq 506

Today is a day you will always remember- the greatest in anyone’s life. You’ll start off the day just two people in love and end it as husband and wife. It’s a brand new beginning, the start of a journey, with moments to cherish and treasure. And although there’ll be times when you both disagree, these will surely be outweighed by pleasure. You’ll have heard many words of advice in the past, when the secrets of marriage were spoken, but now you know that the answers lie hidden inside, where the bond of true love lies unbroken. So live happy forever as lovers and friends, it’s the dawn of a new life for you, as you stand there together with love in your eyes from the moment you whisper, “saya terima nikahnya...”. And with luck, all your hopes, and your dreams can be real, may success find its way to your hearts. Tomorrow can bring you the greatest of joys, but today is the day it all starts.

Selamat Pengantin Baru utk Haq & Wife.. Semoga kekal ke akhir hayat & dikurniakan anak-anak yg soleh & solehah

Romy Hashim (511) & Nazlia

SOURCE: ghazaaz blogspot

hencem & segak bergaya member aku sorang ni. SELAMAT PENGANTIN BARU.. semoga kekal ke akhir hayat Isteri Solehah Isteri cerdik yang solehah Penyejuk mata, penawar hati, penajam fikiran Di rumah dia isteri, di jalanan kawan Di waktu kita buntu, dia penunjuk jalan Pandangan kita diperteguhkan Menjadikan kita tetap pendirian Ilmu yang diberi dapat disimpan Kita lupa, dia mengingatkan Nasihat kita dijadikan pakaian Silap kita, dia betulkan Penghibur di waktu kesunyian Terasa ramai bila bersamanya Dia umpama tongkat si buta Bila tiada satu kehilangan Dia ibarat simpanan ilmu Semoga kekal untuk diwariskan

sapa yg korang kenal dlm gambar ni?

[korang ingat dak] taman suria

masa form 5, ada antara member2 kita ni p taman suria sbg prep petang... nak p sana mana bleh pakai pintu depan (paham2 je la kan).. satu hari ada member ni nampak ular sawa dok melepok kat atas pokok. macam baru lepas telan sekor ba alif ba ya... (ingat dak ada notice board kaler merah kat corridor, budak2 psp letak keratan akhbar) kat notice board tu ada artikel pasal penoreh getah hampir nak kena telan ngan ular sawa tapi sangkut kat bahu masa nak telan.. terus member kita ni tobat tak p dah.... korang ingat dak?

10 shabat nabi yang di jamin syurga

kalau tanya pasal pemain bola kelab yg kita suka, mesti pejam mata pun bleh tau. lirik lagu boleh hafal, tapi bila tanya 10 sahabat yg dijamin masuk syurga, terkebil2 la nak bagi jawapan moga manfaat aku akan start posting pasal islamic scholar once or twice a week. //moderator

1. Abu Bakar Siddiq ra. Beliau adalah khalifah pertama sesudah wafatnya Rasulullah Saw. Selain itu Abu bakar juga merupakan laki-laki pertama yang masuk Islam, pengorbanan dan keberanian beliau tercatat dalam sejarah, bahkan juga didalam Quran (Surah At-Taubah ayat ke-40) sebagaimana berikut : “Jikalau tidak menolongnya (Muhammad) maka sesungguhnya Allah telah menolongnya (yaitu) ketika orang-orang kafir (musyrikin Mekah) mengeluarkannya (dari Mekah) sedang dia salah seseorang dari dua orang (Rasulullah dan Abu Bakar) ketika keduanya berada dalam gua, diwaktu dia berkata kepada temannya:”Janganlah berduka cita, sesungguhya Allah bersama kita”.

Maka Allah menurunkan ketenangan kepada (Muhammad) dan membantunya dengan tentara yang kamu tidak melihatnya, dan Allah menjadikan seruan orang-orang kafir itulah yang rendah. Dan kalimat Allah itulah yang tinggi. Allah Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana.” Abu Bakar Siddiq meninggal dalam umur 63 tahun, dari beliau diriwayatkan 142 hadiets.

2. Umar Bin Khatab ra. Beliau adalah khalifah ke-dua sesudah Abu Bakar, dan termasuk salah seorang yang sangat dikasihi oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw semasa hidupnya. Sebelum memeluk Islam, Beliau merupakan musuh yang paling ditakuti oleh kaum Muslimin. Namun semenjak ia bersyahadat dihadapan Rasul (tahun keenam sesudah Muhammad diangkat sebagai Nabi Allah), ia menjadi salah satu benteng Islam yang mampu menyurutkan perlawanan kaum Quraish terhadap diri Nabi dan sahabat. Dijaman kekhalifaannya, Islam berkembang seluas-luasnya dari Timur hingga ke Barat, kerajaan Persia dan Romawi Timur dapat ditaklukkannya dalam waktu hanya satu tahun. Beliau meninggal dalam umur 64 tahun karena dibunuh, dikuburkan berdekatan dengan Abu Bakar dan Rasulullah dibekas rumah Aisyah yang sekarang terletak didalam masjid Nabawi di Madinah.

3. Usman Bin Affan ra. Khalifah ketiga setelah wafatnya Umar, pada pemerintahannyalah seluruh tulisan-tulisan wahyu yang pernah dicatat oleh sahabat semasa Rasul hidup dikumpulkan, kemudian disusun menurut susunan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Rasulullah Saw sehingga menjadi sebuah kitab (suci) sebagaimana yang kita dapati sekarang. Beliau meninggal dalam umur 82 tahun (ada yang meriwayatkan 88 tahun) dan dikuburkan di Baqi’.

4. Ali Bin Abi Thalib ra. Merupakan khalifah keempat, beliau terkenal dengan siasat perang dan ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi. Selain Umar bin Khatab, Ali bin Abi Thalib juga terkenal keberaniannya didalam peperangan. Beliau sudah mengikuti Rasulullah sejak kecil dan hidup bersama Beliau sampai Rasul diangkat menjadi Nabi hingga wafatnya. Ali Bin Abi Thalib meninggal dalam umur 64 tahun dan dikuburkan di Koufah, Irak sekarang.

5. Thalhah Bin Abdullah ra. Masuk Islam dengan perantaraan Abu Bakar Siddiq ra, selalu aktif disetiap peperangan selain Perang Badar. Didalam perang Uhud, beliaulah yang mempertahankan Rasulullah Saw sehingga terhindar dari mata pedang musuh, sehingga putus jari-jari beliau. Thalhah Bin Abdullah gugur dalam Perang Jamal dimasa pemerintahan Ali Bin Abi Thalib dalam usia 64 tahun, dan dimakamkan di Basrah. 6. Zubair Bin Awaam Memeluk Islam juga karena Abu Bakar Siddiq ra, ikut berhijrah sebanyak dua kali ke Habasyah dan mengikuti semua peperangan. Beliau pun gugur dalam perang Jamal dan dikuburkan di Basrah pada umur 64 tahun.

7. Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas Mengikuti Islam sejak umur 17 tahun dan mengikuti seluruh peperangan, pernah ditawan musuh lalu ditebus oleh Rasulullah dengan ke-2 ibu bapaknya sendiri sewaktu perang Uhud. Meninggal dalam usia 70 (ada yang meriwayatkan 82 tahun) dan dikuburkan di Baqi’.

8. Sa’id Bin Zaid Sudah Islam sejak kecilnya, mengikuti semua peperangan kecuali Perang Badar. Beliau bersama Thalhah Bin Abdullah pernah diperintahkan oleh rasul untuk memata-matai gerakan musuh (Quraish). Meninggal dalam usia 70 tahun dikuburkan di Baqi’.

9. Abdurrahman Bin Auf Memeluk Islam sejak kecilnya melalui Abu Bakar Siddiq dan mengikuti semua peperangan bersama Rasul. Turut berhijrah ke Habasyah sebanyak 2 kali. Meninggal pada umur 72 tahun (ada yang meriwayatkan 75 tahun), dimakamkan di baqi’.

10. Abu Ubaidillah Bin Jarrah Masuk Islam bersama Usman bin Math’uun, turut berhijrah ke Habasyah pada periode kedua dan mengikuti semua peperangan bersama Rasulullah Saw. Meninggal pada tahun 18 H di urdun (Syam) karena penyakit pes, dan dimakamkan di Urdun yang sampai saat ini masih sering diziarahi oleh kaum Muslimin.

Friday Nasihat 7 July 2007

SOURCE: http://www.fridaynasiha.com Jumada al Thani 21, 1428, A.H. - July 7, 2007, C.E. Living the Quran Al Najm (The Star) Chapter 53: Verse 28 Original Divine Message "They [the unbelievers] have no knowledge whatsoever of the claims they make; they merely succumb to conjecture, and conjecture is no substitute for truth." Throughout the ages, religion, revealed and unrevealed alike, has been the subject of much abuse, distortion, and corruption. Myths and superstitions about the Divine Being have crept into many religious beliefs, bringing religion into direct conflict with science. Religion and science are legitimate means for seeking the ultimate truth, but human caprice and tendentious manipulation have, in many cases, distorted the original and pristine divine message. Religious knowledge is absolute knowledge, upheld and protected by divine revelation, based on rational argument and common sense. Any religious proposition or argument that does not stand up to rational and intellectual examination is not worthy of being approved or believed. Source: "A Thematic Commentary on the Quran" - Muhammad al-Ghazali, p. 595 Understanding the Prophet's Life Real Equality In the eleventh year of hijrah, the Prophet, peace be upon him, decided to send and expedition to the north, near Mutah and Palestine, where a few years earlier Jafar, Abdullah, and Zayd had been killed. To everyone's surprise, he gave the command to young Usamah, Zayd's son, who was only twenty years old, though this three-thousand-strong army included such men as Umar and other experienced Companions. The choice gave rise to much criticism, but the Prophet reacted very promptly and put an end to all arguments when he proclaimed: "You criticize the choice of Usamah to command the army, as you had formerly criticized that of his father Zayd. Usamah is truly worthy of the command I entrust him with, as his father was before him." In the past, some Muslims had reacted to the choice of Zayd because they still considered him as a slave, though he had been freed; now some opposed the choice of his son, perhaps because of his father, but mostly because of his young age. By confirming his choice the Prophet informed them that neither a man's social origin nor his age should prevent him from exerting authority and power if he possessed the spiritual, intellectual, and moral qualities required. One had to show sensitivity by offering the most destitute in society real equality of opportunity and trusting the young so that everybody could express their skills and talents. On a more general level, this was a fine lesson in humility addressed to older Companions: they were to experience the inner, greater jihad of obeying a man who could have been their son, and in so doing remember that their time was limited, like any man's. By that choice, the Prophet taught them that time naturally erodes one's energy, and one must be wise enough to learn to step aside, to delegate authority to those who are young and strong enough to create and build. Source: "In the Footsteps of the Prophet" - Tariq Ramadan, pp. 200, 201 Blindspot! Love Muslims have ignored the task which should be their specific concern, namely love of God and the strengthening of the ties of love among people for His sake. If a person should succeed in this task he would have set the firmest foundation in the depths of soul, sown the seed for every flourishing virtue and established an impregnable fortress against most external threats and tests. The word 'love' which people have so misused and abused, is that mighty word which distinguishes the followers of the Prophets and on which their societies were built. It is the 'elixir' which binds these followers to goodness, creating a true bond which even makes suffering seem sweet in its pursuit. By the same token it has fashioned the ties that bind them together - ties of soul over and above the intellect, ties which are not subverted by differences of opinion. These ties are above materialistic interests and are not swayed by any particular passing whim. Source: "Watering the Seeds of Love" - Said Ramadan

[korang ingat dak?] menu: ayam

Menu kat Taiping ikot rota 12 hari. kalau menu ayam, budak kelas aku mesti alert cikgu nak balik awal. hari one day tu kelas last kelas add math, bunyi loceng sekali kitorang dah siap nak balik cikgu ismail cakap loceng tu bukan utk kitorang, tu utk non academic staffs..... kitorang pun cakap alaaa cikgu, hari ni makan ayam. cikgu ismail senyum jek.. budak2 kelas lain dah macam berlari naik DS, kitorang jugak terkebil2... note: cikgu ismail favourite line ""kalau kamu buat latihan dalam buku teks je, dapat la cangkui" korang ingat dak?

Movie Review: NIGHT AT THE MUSEUM

By Harris Genre: Comedy / Family Duration: 1 hr 20 mins +++ Actor : Ben Stiller Sinopsis: A desperate father, who yet again, find himself in between job. To make matter worse, he is failing in his responsibility as a dad.. A ray of hope, when a job opportunity landed him at the New York National Museum (hmmm aku rasa ler). He knows that this will be his last chance to save his relationship with his son, and also starts a new life. All peace and quite it seems, working on the night shift, as a guard. HOW DIFFICULT CAN IT BE? Then strange things starts creeping up. My Opinion: An OK movie. The usual Stiller the Funnyman. Up to his old antics. Quite funny, with Owen Wilson and his brother (lupa lak nama dia), helping him out. Not to forget ROBIN WILLIAMS. Easy movie, but FUN. So recommended to watch it with your kids etc. MORALE: Basically fighting for what you know is right.

GAMBAR KAWIN ILYANI (KAK YANI 502)

gambar posing

pengantin berarak

kak yani sekarang attach ngan UMT (KUSTEM). Wedding anniversary 29 May 2005. more pics here

kompang dipalu......

romy hashim, 511 ajak member2 semua ke kenduri menyambut menantu di batu pahat pada tarikh : 7 julai 2007 tempat : batu pahat, johor. masa : 12:00 - 17:00 nanti aku dapat full info, aku post kat sini. Selamat Pengantin Baru untuk Romy. Semoga kekal ke akhir hayat.

[korang ingat tak?] kena rotan dek cikgu Hamid Yaman

cikgu suruh lari 4 x trek = 1600 meter... budak2 laki kelas 511 & 512 lari satu line, yg blakang kejar yg depan. cikgu hamid kata 'break off guys', kita buat dunno jek.. dekat habis baru semua pecut (tatau la bleh pakai perkataan ni ke tak)...pastu apa lagi, cikgu hamid amik kayu, pastu jerit...bend down!!! lepas tu kita semua kena masuk library masa PJ sebab kes tu... korang ingat dak?

rege rokok naik lagi... bila lagi nak berhenti??

SOURCE: British American Tobacco Website

Movie: GOAL 2, Living the Dream.

By: Harris Genre: errrr, Drama I guess. Duration: Around 1 1/5 hours (roughly) Sinopsis: 2nd part of a GOAL trilogy. The main character (MUNEZ) rose to stardom and enjoying the Footballer's life after making it big with NEWCASTLE (pasrt 1). Then, the call every footballer been dreaming throughout their careers, " REAL MADRID WANTS YOU ". Its decision time, stay and enjoy an easy life with your love one, or pursue your long time dream. Soon he finds himself in MADRID playing along side RONALDO, ZIDANE, CARLOS, BECKHAM. But is life in the limelight will be as easy as it seems? To me,a very light drama, that normally will slot perfectly for your 2 am movie on your tellie ( insomniac ). A must watch movie for all you GEORDIES and GALACTICOS worshippers. Rating: 1.5 to 2 STAR ...

Paying with one sen coins is okay – up till RM2

Apa masalahnye kalau bayar pakai 1 sen. aku pernah bayar masuk toilet satu 5 sen, lima 1 sen & seposen... jeling makcik jaga pintu kat aku, pastu bising kat kawan dia. duit gak tu.. //ihsan SOURCE: The Star PENANG: It may be cumbersome to count 200 pieces of one sen coins when a customer is paying for an item that costs RM2. But the receiver cannot refuse the money. If you prefer to pay for a RM10 product in 50 sen coins, the seller also cannot reject the payment. It was provided for under Section 24 of the Central Bank of Malaysia Act that you can use one sen, five sen, 10 sen and 20 sen coins to pay for a transaction of up to RM2, a Bank Negara official said. The Act also allows a buyer to pay for a product or service worth up to RM10 in 50 sen coins. “You can use the coins up to the stated limit and the recipients should not reject them,” the official said. Legal tender: Under the Central Bank of Malaysia Act, a seller cannot reject payment comprising one sen, five sen, 10 sen or 20 sen coins for a transaction of up to RM2. She was commenting on an e-mail complaint to The Star by sales and marketing executive Eddie Lim that a drink stall attendant in Tanjung Bungah had refused to accept the two pieces of five sen coins that he wanted to use to pay for a drink. State Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs committee chairman Lau Chiek Tuan agreed that traders should accept the small coins for the limited amount. “The one sen and five sen coins are legal tender; it should be okay for the consumer to use them,” he said. A check by The Star showed that such coins are accepted at most retail outlets, especially in fast food outlets, shopping centres and supermarkets. Federation of Hawker Penang chairman Lam Tong Ying said most hawkers were more than happy to collect the coins from customers. “The one sen and five sen coins come in handy for payment of electricity and water bills and also for shopping,” he said. Aeon Co (M) Bhd public relations manager Shirly Chan said the company’s chain of Jusco supermarkets provide one sen coins for customers at each counter. “It was at their suggestion and for their own convenience that we provide the one sen coins,” she said.

mini updates

friendster link for lan syah 502, rabeha 512, irniza 505 ------------- new post: movie review -------------

MoviE reVieW

By Harris, 511 Animation. BARNYARD, FLUSHED AWAY, CARS, GARFIELD (to me, same category). All ok, especially BARNYARD, so very the funny (kids especially). ....... SPIDEY 3? Hmmm, if you guys watch ZORRO 2, the same conflict. A hero dilemma, the love of his life, or HIS OBLIGATION / RESPONSIBILITY. To me, this is what superheroes are all about. Good plot, characters villains, etc .. 4.5 * movie. Dislikes? kids KACAU ....... FANTASTIC 4, Silver Surfer. I have to admit, if it wasn't for Jessica Abba, I would have not line up for tickets and watch it at the CINEMA. But, storyline and character build up, are not as what i have hoped for. A 2 * movie. Jessica Abba's make up, YUKS ....... EPIC MOVIE. A comedy. A spoof. A comedic view on NARNIA, CLICK, X MEN, NACHO LIBRE, PIRATES, F & F. Ok. Not as ridicalous as BORAT. Not the same level as SCARY MOVIE. Watch out for the few obscenities. ....... Surf Up, is a very good Family movie. For me, better than TEENAGE MUTANT. Why? because of the colours. Teenage Mutant too gloomy and promote VIOLENCE. Shia LeBouf (transformers) star as the young SURFING PENGUIN from the antartic/artic. saya bagi 3 *

VISITORS

tq all.... Pageviews per month from January 2007 to June 2007 YEAR 2007 Statistics Summary from 01/01/2007 to 30/06/2007 Statistics Total pageviews: 9,720 Total visits: 6,595 Yearly Unique Visitors: 1,898 Monthly Unique Visitors: 2,233 First time visitors: 1,826 Average pageviews per month: 1,388 Pageviews per visit: 1.47 Pageviews today: 23 Visits today: 16 Prognosis today: 60 Busiest day: 06/12/2006 MONTH OF JUNE 2007 Statistics Summary from 01/06/2007 to 30/06/2007 Total pageviews: 1,868 Total visits: 1,284 Monthly Unique Visitors: 385 Daily Unique Visitors: 935 First time visitors: 313 Average pageviews per day: 62 Pageviews per visit: 1.45 Pageviews today: 23 Visits today: 16 Prognosis today: 60 Busiest day: 06/12/2006

announcement...

and the winner goes to..... (drum roll.....)

& kepada yg masuk bertanding....

Friday Nasiha 29 June 2007

Friday Nasiha - Issue # 432

Jumada al Thani 14, 1428, A.H. - June 29, 2007, C.E.

Living the Quran

Saba (Sheba) Chapter 34: Verse 46 (Partial) Awakening Say: "I do admonish you on one point: that ye do stand up before Allah, - (it may be) in pairs, or (it may be) singly - and reflect (within yourselves). The first of the ranks of the journey of servitude (ubudiyah) is awakening, which is alarming and stirring up of the heart from the sleep of heedlessness. By Allah, how priceless is that revitalising alarm! How valuable and indispensable for the journey! Whoever experiences it he has indeed experienced the breeze of success. Without experiencing it, everyone is lost in heedlessness. His hearing is asleep while his eyes appear awake. It is this blessed alarm that wakes one up and makes him a seeker of Allah. The seeker now rolls up his sleeves and musters up his courage to set out on the journey to Allah, station by station. The first realization that illuminates the seeker upon this awakening is the immensity of the gifts of Allah upon him. The believer's heart glances at the gifts and bounties of Allah and is overwhelmed by his own sense of inability to even count them, let alone thank Allah for them all. The second realisation is the realisation of the inadequacy of his gratitude and worship to Allah. These realisations are in fact both the cause and the effect of the first station of awakening. As the believer advances on his journey and as his heart is sharpened by these two realisations, it becomes incumbent upon him to notice more and more the innumerable inner and outer, open and hidden gifts of Allah and recognise his own shortcoming in thanking the Giver adequately. The believer, therefore, realises that he must be ever mindful of Allah's bounties and his own shortcomings. Source: "Madarij as-Salikin" - Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah

Understanding the Prophet's Life

Needs of the household When we think of a young religious person, too often we think of someone who spends all his time with other Muslims, going to the Islamic centre, or attending religious classes. When he is not outside engaged in these activities, we think of him devoting all his time to personal devotions like reading Islamic books, reciting the Quran, or listening to recorded lectures. Sadly, we do not think of this young person having anything to do with the rest of the household. This is, in fact, a grave mistake that many religious young people make. The worldly needs of the household must be met. If the “pious” person fails to carry out his proper role at home someone else will have to be the one to carry it out. That someone else may be deficient in his religion, but because he is the one taking care of the needs of the household, he is going to be the one to have the greatest influence. His words will be heeded and his commands obeyed. His opinions will carry weight. As for the religious young person, his word will carry no weight whatsoever, since he never does anything to benefit anyone else. Some of our religious young men and women seek to excuse themselves from their household chores with excuses like reading the Quran or listening to a taped lecture! Then they wonder how they can have a positive affect on the other members of their household who are engaged in sinful activities. In order to be able to counteract the sinful behaviour that goes on in the home and bring about positive change, we must first build up our own position within your household by serving our family and catering to their needs. Some of our young, religious people flee from their homes in one way or another after becoming religious. They feel that they cannot bear staying at home surrounded by what they regard as sinful behaviour or as their family’s casual religious attitudes. Some seek to escape the temptations at home by going overseas to study or by simply moving away from home. There are often clear signs in their behaviour that they are merely running away. Some of them even leave home without their parents’ permission. They forget that when a man asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) if he could go to war, the Prophet (peace be upon him) immediately asked him if his parents were alive. When he said that they were, the Prophet said: “Your jihad is to take care of your parents!” [Sahîh al-Bukhârî (2728) and Sahîh Muslim (4623)] They also forget that when another young man approached the Prophet (peace be upon him) to go and fight, the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him if his mother was alive. When he found out that she was, he told the man: “Woe unto you! Attend her at her feet and you will attain Paradise.” [Sunan Ibn Mâjah (2771). The hadîth is authentic (sahîh)] Source: "Taking Care of Things at Home" - Salman al Audah

Blindspot!

Ribaa and Interest An argument often presented by many Muslims is that ribaa mentioned in the Quran is actually different from what we call ‘interest’ nowadays. It is important, therefore, to look at what qualified as ribaa in the pre-Islamic times (Ribaa al-Jahiliyyah). We find various kinds of situations where ribaa comes into play. A brief look at these reveals that there is no difference between the pre-Islamic ribaa and the present-day notion of interest. “Qatadah narrates that the ribaa of pre-Islamic times was that where one person bought property from another with a promise to pay at a later time. If the buyer could not pay the agreed upon amount on the settlement date, the seller would extend the payment period and the amount owed.” According to this example by Qatadah, the Arabs of the pre-Islamic times considered as ribaa the increase in the amount owed from the original settlement date to the revised settlement date. “Mujahid held the opinion that the ribaa of the pre-Islamic times was that where the borrower would agree to pay more than the borrowed sum if given a specific time horizon to pay.” This is increase in amount owed due to failure to pay or additional time is precisely what we call interest in the present-day economic system. In both cases, we see the debt being swapped for a larger amount based on the passage of time. “According to Imam Razi the norm of the pre-Islamic days was that the borrower of monies would agree to pay an agreed upon amount on a monthly basis for an agreed upon period of time. At the expiration of that period, the borrower would return the original sum. However, if he could not pay, he would be given more time in return for higher monthly payments.” These monthly payments were also called ribaa by the pre-Islamic Arabs. Adapted by Junaid Mirza from: "Muashiat-e-Islam" - Abul Ala Mawdudi, p. 232 "Islamic Financial Services" - Mohammed Obaidullah, p. 24

Petronas anyone??

PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd has scheduled the walk in interview in various locations in July and August to fill our vacancies. You can help us to promote our campaign by spreading the news to all your friends outside PETRONAS. The details are as follows :- 21 - 22 July Hyatt JB MS Garden Kuantan 28 - 29 July Everly Park City, Bintulu Hilton Kuching 11 - 12 August Le Meridian, Kota Kinabalu 25 - 26 August Mandarian Oriental, KL Disciplines -Geology & Geophysics -Petroleum Engineering (Reservoir Engineering, Drilling, Production Technology, Petrophysics) -Civil and Structural Engineering -Mechanical Engineering -Instrumentation/Control Engineering -Process Technology/Operations -Project Management -Business Planning -Health, Safety & Environment -Procurement & Logistics What To Bring -CV, passport photos, relevant certificates Experience -Min 7 years of relevant working experience

poll result

Current Results for pertandingan mata bulat AWARD mata bulat goes to... aisyah husainy 8.33% 7 adam irfan 3.57% 3 muhammad fahim 1.19% 1 emir firdaus 9.52% 8 alyssa 1.19% 1 adreanna 1.19% 1 aiofe nazneen 1.19% 1 fakhrul iman 1.19% 1 nik nurin fazilah 14.29% 12 muhammad aiman 1.19% 1 muhammad 4.76% 4 nur najla alia 1.19% 1 khairunnisa 1.19% 1 hafizuddin 1.19% 1 idlan syahmi 19.05% 16 hanaardiyana 2.38% 2 yusuf yusuf 7.14% 6 saffiyah 3.57% 3 adriana nabila 1.19% 1 iman naqiyah 15.48% 13 Total 100% 84